Ottawa knee rules: The 5 criteria, application and accuracy
The Ottawa knee rules are a validated clinical decision tool that determines which patients with acute knee injuries need an x-ray to exclude a fracture. Stiell et al. first published them in 1995 at the Ottawa Civic and General Hospitals in Canada. According to the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, the rules have a […]
Hip scour test: How to perform, interpret, and document findings
The hip scour test is a passive orthopedic maneuver for intra-articular hip pain. The examiner compresses the femoral head into the acetabulum and sweeps the hip from adduction to abduction. Pain, catching, crepitus, or apprehension during that arc is a positive result. A positive finding points to a labral tear, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), or hip […]
Brief pain inventory: Assessment template and scoring guide
The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a validated questionnaire that measures pain intensity and how much pain interferes with daily life. Dr Charles Cleeland developed it as the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire at the University of Wisconsin in 1983. Cleeland later moved to MD Anderson Cancer Center, which now maintains and licenses the tool used […]
Overhead squat assessment form
An overhead squat assessment is a functional movement screen. It evaluates dynamic flexibility, core strength, neuromuscular control, and balance while a client holds a weight overhead during a bodyweight squat. It identifies compensation patterns and muscle imbalances that may predispose individuals to injury and guides the selection of corrective exercises. Movement practitioners, including personal trainers, […]
Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire
The fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) is a 16-item, patient-reported tool measuring how strongly fear of pain and movement avoidance drive a patient’s disability. Waddell et al. developed it in 1993, and fear-avoidance beliefs remain among the strongest psychological predictors of poor rehabilitation outcomes in musculoskeletal pain. This guide covers scoring, interpretation, and how to build […]
Rivermead mobility index: Assessment template & scoring guide
The Rivermead Mobility Index is a 15-item hierarchical assessment that measures functional mobility in patients recovering from neurological conditions. It is used after stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury. Collen, Wade, Robb and Bradshaw published it in 1991, and it remains one of the most widely used mobility outcome measures in […]
Diastasis Recti Exercise Plan
A diastasis recti exercise plan holds up between appointments only when it is written down, measured, and reviewed on a date both of you agreed. That is what this downloadable template does. It is a two-page clinical action plan. The form holds patient and record details, a background section, five goals with measures and target […]
Personal training contract: Free template and 10 clauses
A personal training contract is the written agreement between a trainer and a paying client. It sets out what you deliver, what the client owes, and who carries the risk if someone gets hurt. The free template below covers the core clauses, and the sections that follow walk through all 10 a trainer agreement needs. […]
Gym exercise plan for beginners: 5-day workout template
A five-day gym exercise plan for beginners with sets, reps, rest times, and a 12-week progression. Free PDF template to download.
CPT code 98942: Chiropractic manipulative treatment, 5 regions
CPT code 98942 covers CMT across all five spinal regions. Medicare pays roughly $45-$65 in 2026, and only with the AT modifier.