Cholesterol medication list
A cholesterol medication list organizes all FDA-approved lipid-lowering drugs by class, mechanism, generic and brand names, and typical dosing for quick clinical reference. This guide covers 10 drug classes, from statins through to newer agents like bempedoic acid and inclisiran. Each table gives dosing ranges, indications, and side effect profiles that clinicians and care coordinators […]
Belly press test for shoulder: How to perform and interpret it
The belly press test for shoulder assessment tells you whether the subscapularis can still hold the arm in internal rotation. The patient presses a flat palm into the stomach and keeps the elbow in front of the trunk. A wrist that folds forward, or an elbow that slides back behind the trunk, is a positive […]
Moving valgus stress test: How to perform and interpret it
The moving valgus stress test checks the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in a thrower’s elbow, without sending the athlete straight for imaging. You apply a steady valgus load, then sweep the elbow from full flexion toward extension. Medial pain between 70 and 120 degrees of flexion is the finding that counts. Miss that arc, or […]
Gillet test: Procedure, interpretation, and reliability
A positive Gillet test means the PSIS fails to drop during hip flexion. Reliability is fair, so pair it with provocation tests.
Supination lift test: Technique, interpretation and TFCC accuracy
The supination lift test is a wrist provocation test used to assess the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain. Reference sources credit its description to Buterbaugh and colleagues in 1998 and to Magee’s Orthopedic Physical Assessment. The maneuver loads the TFCC in supination and extension, which is why it is taught […]
Shoulder mobility test: How to do it and interpret results
Normal shoulder ROM is 180° flexion, 180° abduction and 60-90° external rotation. How to test at home and read the result.
Box and block test: Procedure, scoring, and normative values
The box and block test is a timed measure of unilateral gross manual dexterity. The patient moves 2.5 cm wooden cubes over a central partition, one hand at a time. The score is the number of blocks that clear the partition in 60 seconds. Mathiowetz and colleagues published the adult norms in 1985, and those […]
Cross arm test: How to perform and interpret it
The cross arm test is an orthopedic provocation test for acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology. You perform it by passively adducting the patient’s arm across the body at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion. A peer-reviewed study published in PubMed Central reported 67% sensitivity in its own prospective series, tested against diagnostic injection. Earlier retrospective data from […]
Prone instability test: Procedure, interpretation, and diagnostic accuracy
The prone instability test is a hands-on clinical assessment for lumbar segmental instability. It compares a patient’s pain response to posteroanterior pressure in two positions. The feet rest on the floor for the first phase, then the legs are actively raised for the second. Pain that eases in the second phase is a positive result. […]
Elson test: How to perform and interpret it for central slip injuries
The Elson test is a bedside examination that detects rupture of the central slip of the extensor tendon at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. It takes under a minute to perform. With the PIP held at 90 degrees of flexion, a positive result shows rigid hyperextension at the DIP joint alongside weak or absent PIP […]