PCS pain catastrophizing scale: Scoring, cutoffs, and free template
The PCS pain catastrophizing scale is a 13-item self-report questionnaire that measures how far a patient’s thinking about pain tips into catastrophizing. Patients rate each item from 0 to 4, which gives a total between 0 and 52. A score of 30 or above flags clinically significant catastrophizing. Michael Sullivan and colleagues published the scale […]
Seated flexion test
The seated flexion test is a palpation-based assessment of sacral motion at the sacroiliac (SI) joint during forward trunk flexion. The examiner tracks both posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) as the seated patient bends forward. If one PSIS rises first or travels further, the test is positive and suggests restricted sacral motion on that side. […]
CRM for chiropractors: how to manage patients, bookings and marketing
A CRM for chiropractors is a patient relationship management system built around the clinical and scheduling demands of chiropractic care. It combines appointment booking, automated patient communication, billing, and marketing in one platform. Patient retention and consistent follow-up are among the most common operational challenges in chiropractic practice. When a practice runs on spreadsheets, a […]
Stroke impact scale: Free PDF, scoring and MCID by domain
The stroke impact scale (SIS) is a 59-item questionnaire in which stroke survivors rate how much difficulty they have across eight areas of daily life. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100, and a higher score means better function. Pamela Duncan and colleagues at the University of Kansas Medical Center developed the scale, and […]
Postural assessment: Free template and step-by-step guide
A postural assessment is a structured clinical evaluation of how a patient’s body is aligned at rest and during movement. It identifies deviations from neutral posture and the muscle imbalances behind them. Physical therapists, personal trainers, occupational therapists and chiropractors use it to plan treatment, choose corrective exercises and measure progress. The standard method compares […]
HCPCS code L0623: Sacroiliac orthosis billing guide
What is HCPCS code L0623? HCPCS code L0623 is the Level II code for a sacroiliac orthosis (SO) with rigid or semi-rigid panels over the sacrum and abdomen. It provides pelvic-sacral support and reduces motion about the sacroiliac joint. The brace is prefabricated and dispensed off the shelf. Two features make a brace L0623. The […]
Rotator cuff pain location diagram: Where each muscle hurts
A rotator cuff pain location diagram maps where each of the four cuff muscles sends pain. It tells you which muscle a patient’s shoulder complaint points to. Supraspinatus hurts at the side of the shoulder. Infraspinatus aches deep at the back, yet refers to the front. Teres minor stays at the back and side, while […]
Spinal nerve diagram: The 31 nerve pairs, levels and dermatomes
A spinal nerve diagram maps the 31 pairs of spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord. They divide into eight cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, five sacral and one coccygeal pair. Each pair supplies a predictable strip of skin and group of muscles. That pattern lets you trace a symptom back to its root. Numbness […]
Best chiropractic billing software in 2026: Top 5 compared
Chiropractic billing software automates insurance claims, CPT coding, eligibility checks and patient payments for chiropractic practices. We compared five platforms, and Pabau, the all-in-one practice platform we build, is the strongest pick for practices that combine chiropractic with other services. ChiroTouch is the better fit for chiropractic-only practices with heavy insurance volume. Billing software matters […]
Hyperbole and a Half pain scale: Every level + free template
The Hyperbole and a Half pain scale is Allie Brosh’s humorous pain chart, with a relatable description for each pain level (0-10). It starts at Level 0, “I don’t know why I’m even here.” Then it runs past 10 to an 11 and a “Too Serious For Numbers” tier. Patients pick the description that sounds […]