Bounce home test: technique, accuracy, and free template
Download your free bounce home test template A one-page clinical form covering patient positioning, the step-by-step technique, a positive/negative result classification with end-feel description, and space for additional notes. Print it for the chart or attach it to the patient record after each exam. Download template The bounce home test checks whether a knee can […]
ICD-10 Code S40.019A: Contusion of Unspecified Shoulder
What is ICD-10 code S40.019A? ICD-10 code S40.019A describes a contusion of unspecified shoulder, initial encounter. A contusion is a bruising injury caused by blunt force trauma without any break in the skin. Muscle fibers, blood vessels, and subcutaneous tissue sustain damage, which produces localized pain, swelling, and discoloration. The code applies when the clinical […]
Wingate test: Protocol, measurements, and normative values
The Wingate test is a 30-second maximal cycle sprint at 7.5% of body mass, measuring peak power, mean power, and fatigue index.
Resistance training for seniors: The complete guide
Adults lose up to 8% of muscle mass per decade after age 30, with that rate accelerating sharply after 60, according to UCLA Health. For most people, that loss goes unnoticed until a stumble becomes a fall, or getting out of a chair takes real effort. Resistance training for seniors, also called strength exercises for […]
Reverse pivot shift test: Technique, interpretation, and accuracy
Most knee instability is caught early. Posterolateral corner injuries are not. They account for roughly 7-16% of all acute knee ligament injuries overall. Isolated PLC injury, without a concurrent ACL or PCL tear, is the rarer 2% subset. Yet missed or delayed diagnoses are a leading cause of failed ACL and PCL reconstructions. The American […]
Passive lumbar extension test: Procedure, interpretation and accuracy
Most cases of low back pain resolve on their own. A subset don’t. The missing variable is often lumbar spinal instability: the failure of passive and dynamic structures to control intervertebral motion within physiological limits. Identifying instability early changes the management pathway, shifting treatment from symptom relief to targeted stabilization. The passive lumbar extension test […]
ICD-10 code M45.0: Ankylosing spondylitis of multiple sites
ICD-10 code M45.0: Definition, billability, and code overview According to the CMS ICD-10-CM code set, the M45.0 diagnosis code is valid for FY2026. Its official long descriptor is Ankylosing spondylitis of multiple sites in spine. It belongs to category M45, within block M45-M49 (Spondylopathies), within chapter M00-M99 (Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue). […]
VO2 max testing: Methods, norms, and clinical protocols
What is a VO2 max assessment and why does it matter? Most fitness metrics tell you how hard someone trained. VO2 max testing tells you how well their body responded to it. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is the highest rate at which the body can consume oxygen during intense exercise. I t is measured […]
Quadriceps active test
Download your free quadriceps active test documentation form A one-page form for recording quadriceps active test results across both knees. It captures patient information, translation and pain findings, a positive-or-negative call, and space for practitioner notes and signature. Download template The quadriceps active test is a clinical examination tool used by physical therapists, orthopedic clinicians. […]
Tardieu Scale
Download your free Tardieu Scale PDF A standardised clinical assessment tool for measuring muscle spasticity across different velocities of movement. Includes scoring criteria (X quality, Y angle, R1/R2 measurements, SA calculation) and administration protocol for upper and lower limb muscle groups. Download template Clinicians assessing spasticity in neurological conditions often struggle to distinguish between true […]