{"id":180007,"date":"2026-08-14T11:22:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/?p=180007"},"modified":"2026-08-14T11:41:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:41:59","slug":"headache-physical-exam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/","title":{"rendered":"Headache physical exam: A clinician&rsquo;s step-by-step guide"},"content":{"rendered":"        <div id=\"key_takeaways\">\n            <div class=\"header\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Key-Takeaways-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Key takeaways\" height=\"42\" width=\"42\">\n                                <h3>Key takeaways<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"list\">\n                                                            <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#3D3D46\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p>A headache physical exam separates primary headaches from secondary causes that need urgent treatment.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#3D3D46\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p>The sequence runs vital signs, general inspection, head and neck assessment, then a full neurological examination.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#3D3D46\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p>Red flags such as thunderclap onset, papilledema, neck stiffness, and fever always need urgent investigation.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#3D3D46\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p>The SNOOP mnemonic screens for systemic illness, neurologic symptoms, sudden onset, onset after 50, and pattern change.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#3D3D46\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p>Practice management software like Pabau lets you build headache templates that prompt every examination domain in order.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Papilledema, meningism, and a new focal deficit are all easy findings to spot. They are also easy to skip when a busy consultation runs on instinct instead of a sequence. That is the risk a structured headache physical exam removes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide walks through the exam in the order you perform it. It starts with the history that shapes your priorities, then vital signs, head and neck assessment, meningismus testing, and the neurological examination. It ends with the red flags that force escalation. Solid <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/patient-care-management\/\">patient care management<\/a> workflows keep each step on the record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-a-headache-physical-exam-covers-and-why-it-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What a headache physical exam covers and why it matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exam has one job. It tells you whether a headache is primary, meaning migraine, tension-type, or cluster, or secondary to an underlying condition. Primary headaches account for over 90% of presentations. The remaining 10% include conditions that turn fatal when they are missed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A complete examination draws on history, physical assessment, and neurological evaluation. No single finding is diagnostic on its own. Together they point you toward a working diagnosis and tell you how urgently to investigate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Primary headaches:<\/strong> migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache. Examination is often normal between attacks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secondary headaches:<\/strong> subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, hypertensive emergency, giant cell arteritis, raised intracranial pressure. Examination findings are typically abnormal and urgent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Undifferentiated headache:<\/strong> a new presentation without a prior diagnosis. Treat it as potentially secondary until red flags are excluded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aan.com\/practice\/guidelines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">American Academy of Neurology<\/a> recommends pairing a structured examination with guideline-driven neuroimaging decisions. Neither one substitutes for the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-taking-the-clinical-history-before-the-physical-exam\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Taking the clinical history before the physical exam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">History is the most powerful tool in headache evaluation. Gather it before you put your hands on the patient, because it decides where the examination goes. The SOCRATES framework structures this consistently. It covers site, onset, character, radiation, associations, timing, exacerbating factors, and severity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key history questions that shape the physical exam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Onset:<\/strong> Did it reach maximum intensity within 60 seconds? A thunderclap headache needs urgent exclusion of subarachnoid hemorrhage, whatever the prior headache history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Character:<\/strong> Pressing and bilateral suggests tension-type. Unilateral and pulsating with nausea suggests migraine. Severe periorbital pain with autonomic features suggests cluster.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Associated features:<\/strong> Fever, neck stiffness, photophobia, vomiting, visual changes, and focal neurological symptoms all raise the probability of a secondary cause.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Age and prior history:<\/strong> A new headache after age 50 needs extra vigilance for giant cell arteritis and intracranial pathology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medication use:<\/strong> Frequent analgesic use raises the possibility of medication overuse headache.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A structured <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/annual-physical-exam-checklist\/\">physical exam checklist<\/a> at the point of consultation stops any of these domains being skipped under time pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-to-perform-the-examination-step-by-step\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to perform the examination, step by step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The examination follows a set order: vital signs, general inspection, head and neck assessment, then neurological examination. Deviating from that order is how steps get skipped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vital-signs-assessment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vital signs assessment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blood pressure is the vital sign that matters most in a headache presentation. Hypertensive emergency is a secondary cause you can identify and act on immediately. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It means a systolic above 180 mmHg or a diastolic above 120 mmHg with end-organ damage. Measure both arms if the reading is unexpectedly high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Routine <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/blood-pressure-monitoring\/\">blood pressure monitoring<\/a> between visits gives you a baseline to compare against. <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/neurological-vital-signs\/\">Neurological vital signs<\/a> add pupil response and consciousness level when intracranial pressure is a concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Blood pressure:<\/strong> screen for hypertensive emergency, and evaluate further when it stays high alongside headache<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temperature:<\/strong> fever raises the probability of infectious causes including meningitis and encephalitis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Heart rate:<\/strong> tachycardia with fever and headache increases concern for systemic illness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oxygen saturation:<\/strong> hypoxia can cause or worsen headache at altitude and in respiratory disease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-head-and-neck-examination\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Head and neck examination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Systematic palpation of the head and neck takes under three minutes. It gives you information the history cannot. Pericranial muscle tenderness supports tension-type headache. Temporal artery tenderness or induration in a patient over 50 raises suspicion for giant cell arteritis, which needs urgent ESR, CRP, and clinical correlation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A full <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/head-and-neck-assessment\/\">head and neck assessment<\/a> also picks up the cervical contribution that primary care easily attributes to migraine. Restricted flexion with reproducible pain is common in <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/industry\/chiropractic-software\/\">chiropractic practices<\/a> and manual therapy caseloads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scalp and skull:<\/strong> palpate for tenderness, lumps, and sinus tenderness over the frontal and maxillary sinuses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temporal arteries:<\/strong> assess for tenderness, nodularity, or reduced pulsation on both sides<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cervical spine:<\/strong> assess range of motion, since restricted flexion with pain suggests cervicogenic headache or meningism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lymph nodes:<\/strong> cervical lymphadenopathy may indicate systemic illness contributing to the headache<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-meningismus-testing-for-meningeal-irritation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Meningismus: Testing for meningeal irritation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meningismus is neck stiffness caused by meningeal irritation. Two bedside tests give clinical evidence of it: the Kernig sign and the Brudzinski sign. Perform both in any patient where meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage cannot be excluded on history alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kernig sign:<\/strong> With the patient supine, flex the hip and knee to 90 degrees. Slowly extend the knee. Resistance or pain in the hamstrings before 135 degrees of extension is a positive result, indicating meningeal irritation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Brudzinski sign:<\/strong> With the patient supine, passively flex the neck toward the chest. Involuntary flexion of the hips and knees is a positive sign. Both tests have low sensitivity but high specificity in confirmed bacterial meningitis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither a negative Kernig nor a negative Brudzinski sign excludes meningitis. If suspicion stays high, lumbar puncture remains the investigation of choice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Document what you find, because those records support the escalation decision. Practice management software like Pabau can hold meningism checkboxes inside <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/features\/patient-intake-software\/\">digital intake forms<\/a> built for headache consultations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pabau.com\/cdn\/attachments\/pulse\/content-engine\/blog_post\/headache-physical-exam\/customizable-consent-and-intake-forms.webp\" alt=\"Customizable consent and intake forms in Pabau\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pabau&rsquo;s intake forms can be built into a headache template, so meningism and red flag checks are prompted rather than remembered.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px;width:800px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-neurological-examination-for-headache\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurological examination for headache<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A thorough neurological examination is the centerpiece of the assessment. It detects the focal deficits that point to structural or vascular pathology. Most primary headache patients examine normally, and that normal result is itself useful information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cranial-nerve-testing\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cranial nerve testing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cranial nerve assessment in headache focuses on the oculomotor nerve, CN III. It is compressed by posterior communicating artery aneurysms, which present as a painful third nerve palsy. Assess visual acuity, visual fields, pupillary responses, and extraocular movements as a minimum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/cranial-nerve-examination-checklist\/\">cranial nerve checklist<\/a> keeps the order the same for every clinician, which matters when findings are compared across visits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CN II: visual acuity and fields, which detect optic neuropathy and field loss from raised ICP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CN III, IV, VI: extraocular movements. Ptosis with a dilated, unreactive pupil suggests a CN III palsy from an expanding aneurysm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CN V: facial sensation. A reduced corneal reflex suggests trigeminal involvement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CN VII: facial symmetry, where asymmetry suggests a structural lesion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CN VIII: gross hearing. Tinnitus with headache may point to acoustic neuroma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-fundoscopy-checking-for-papilledema\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fundoscopy: Checking for papilledema<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fundoscopy to assess the optic disc is an essential part of the examination. Papilledema is swelling of the optic disc caused by raised intracranial pressure, or ICP. It shows as blurred disc margins, loss of the physiological cup, and engorged retinal veins. Its presence mandates urgent neuroimaging before lumbar puncture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A normal fundoscopic examination does not exclude raised ICP in early or acute presentations. Weigh it against headache character, postural variation, and visual obscurations. The ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria from the International Headache Society then classify what you have found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cerebellar-function-and-gait-assessment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cerebellar function and gait assessment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cerebellar testing detects posterior fossa pathology, including cerebellar hematoma, tumor, and infarct. All three can present with headache. The finger-nose test looks for dysmetria and intention tremor. The heel-shin test, where the patient runs a heel from knee to ankle, assesses coordination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gait evaluation, including tandem walking, reveals cerebellar ataxia and subtle instability that predates more overt signs. Graded tools such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/modified-ashworth-scale\/\">modified Ashworth scale<\/a> keep motor findings comparable between clinicians and between visits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-red-flags-that-change-your-next-step\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Red flags that change your next step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red flags are findings or history features that raise the probability of a serious secondary cause. None of them confirms a diagnosis. Each one means the presentation cannot be attributed to a benign primary headache until it is investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SNOOP mnemonic gives that screening a structure. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/afp\/2022\/0900\/acute-headache-adults\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">AAFP&rsquo;s diagnostic approach<\/a> to acute headache in adults sets it out, along with the expanded SNNOOP10 version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;margin:1.5em 0 2em;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08)\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Letter<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Stands for<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">What to look for<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Urgent concern<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">S<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Systemic illness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Fever, night sweats, weight loss, immunocompromised state<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Meningitis, encephalitis, systemic malignancy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0;background:#F9FAFB\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">N<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Neurologic symptoms<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Focal weakness, speech change, visual loss, altered consciousness<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Stroke, space-occupying lesion, complicated migraine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">O<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Onset sudden<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Thunderclap: max intensity within 60 seconds<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Subarachnoid hemorrhage, until excluded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0;background:#F9FAFB\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">O<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Onset after age 50<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">New headache type in a patient over 50 years old<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Giant cell arteritis, intracranial malignancy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">P<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Previous headache change<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Change in established headache pattern, frequency, or severity<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Secondary cause on a background of primary headache<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four more examination findings call for immediate action:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Papilledema on fundoscopy, which indicates raised intracranial pressure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Positive meningism signs, which indicate meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Any new focal neurological deficit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scalp tenderness with jaw claudication in a patient over 50, which indicates giant cell arteritis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n        <div id=\"pro_tip\">\n            <div class=\"img\">\n                <svg width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                    <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\"\n                        d=\"M12.6383 19.5238C12.6632 21.2071 12.8734 22.9926 12.0685 24.5523C11.0341 26.8917 8.45076 28.169 7.56292 30.5918C6.63082 33.1061 7.19505 36.185 9.31371 37.9786C10.929 39.5678 13.4183 39.9873 15.6061 39.5463C17.4592 39.073 19.1049 37.8388 19.9706 36.1608C20.781 34.7141 20.7866 32.9904 20.5293 31.3985C20.1006 29.3092 18.3775 27.8705 16.9807 26.362C14.8814 24.1005 14.6684 20.6854 15.595 17.8915C16.4331 15.4768 19.0026 14.2344 20.0425 11.9461C20.7202 10.6769 20.7506 9.20327 20.6068 7.81304C20.1864 5.40098 18.3139 3.23631 15.8716 2.56674C13.9742 2.03969 11.8224 2.30052 10.1739 3.37614C8.70522 4.34688 7.5878 5.86618 7.28356 7.58178C6.76081 9.82981 7.53525 12.2822 9.20307 13.9118C10.7658 15.4741 12.4806 17.2273 12.6383 19.5238Z\"\n                        fill=\"#2BADD4\" \/>\n                    <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\"\n                        d=\"M22.7048 19.8387C22.6822 22.3279 24.4507 24.6234 26.7493 25.4682C28.0531 25.961 29.4725 25.9183 30.7989 25.5487C32.0575 24.9955 33.301 24.2237 34.0069 23.0092C34.8384 21.5811 35.2982 19.8286 34.7832 18.2094C34.3611 16.2507 32.8739 14.6541 31.0275 13.9426C28.6736 12.9595 25.8073 13.7942 24.1719 15.7001C23.2022 16.8366 22.6143 18.3326 22.7048 19.8387Z\"\n                        fill=\"#2BADD4\" \/>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"text\">\n                <h3>Pro Tip<\/h3>\n                <p>Document every red flag finding or its explicit absence. &lsquo;Meningism not detected&rsquo; is a meaningful clinical record. &lsquo;Neuro exam NAD&rsquo; is not. Specific negative findings show that the clinician actively assessed for and excluded serious pathology, which matters for patient safety and for medicolegal records.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-examination-findings-and-headache-differential-diagnosis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examination findings and headache differential diagnosis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mapping findings onto likely diagnoses is the interpretation step that follows the examination. Nothing here is pathognomonic on its own, so use the whole clinical picture. The table below covers the most common headache types, ordered for quick bedside reasoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;margin:1.5em 0 2em;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08)\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Headache type<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Typical examination findings<\/th>\n<th style=\"background:#121D36;color:#fff;padding:14px 16px;text-align:left;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #2BADD4\">Key distinguishing feature<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Migraine<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Usually normal between attacks; photophobia and pallor during an attack<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">A focal deficit during an attack suggests complicated migraine or another diagnosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0;background:#F9FAFB\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Tension-type<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Pericranial muscle tenderness on palpation; no focal neurological findings<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Bilateral pressing pain, no nausea, and no worsening with physical activity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Cervicogenic<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Reduced cervical range of motion; palpation of C2-C3 reproduces the headache<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Unilateral pain radiating from the occiput, aggravated by neck movement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0;background:#F9FAFB\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Giant cell arteritis<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Tender, nodular, or non-pulsatile temporal artery; scalp tenderness; jaw claudication<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Age over 50, elevated ESR and CRP, risk of acute visual loss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Raised ICP<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Papilledema on fundoscopy; sixth nerve palsy; postural worsening<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Morning headache worse on waking, with nausea and visual obscurations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border-bottom:1px solid #E8ECF0;background:#F9FAFB\">\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;font-weight:600;color:#121D36\">Subarachnoid hemorrhage<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">Positive meningism signs; altered consciousness; focal deficit; thunderclap onset<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px 16px;color:#374151\">A medical emergency needing urgent non-contrast CT, then LP if CT is negative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-to-refer-and-what-happens-next\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When to refer and what happens next<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not every headache needs neuroimaging or a specialist. The findings and the history together decide the next step. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NICE guideline CG150<\/a> indicates neuroimaging for sudden onset, focal neurological signs, or headache after head trauma. It is not routinely indicated for uncomplicated migraine or tension-type headache with a normal examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Referral to a neurologist is appropriate when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Examination reveals a focal neurological deficit that needs further characterization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Papilledema is present, or raised ICP cannot be excluded clinically<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The headache pattern has changed significantly without an identifiable cause<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Headache frequency is escalating despite appropriate primary care management<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diagnostic uncertainty remains after initial investigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For urgent presentations, the pathway is emergency assessment rather than outpatient referral. That covers thunderclap headache, a new focal deficit, fever with neck stiffness, and altered consciousness. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examination findings never override clinical urgency. <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/features\/automated-workflows-software\/\">Automated referral workflows<\/a> can hold the escalation pathway steady, but the clinical decision comes first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pabau.com\/cdn\/attachments\/pulse\/content-engine\/blog_post\/headache-physical-exam\/automated-communication-in-pabau.webp\" alt=\"Automated patient communication in Pabau\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pabau&rsquo;s automated messages send safety-netting instructions in writing, so the patient knows exactly when to return urgently.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px;width:800px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primary care adds another layer. Clinicians running headache examinations daily need documentation that serves both the internal record and the referral letter. That is what <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/industry\/gp-clinic-software\/\">GP practice software<\/a> is built to do. A <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/multidisciplinary-review\/\">multidisciplinary review<\/a> template helps when a case crosses neurology, physical therapy, and pain management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the examination, tell the patient what you found, what the working diagnosis is, and what should bring them back urgently. Then record that conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Write the after-care instructions and the follow-up triggers into the record too. The same discipline behind <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/safer-clinical-notes\/\">safer clinical notes<\/a> applies here, because what you write shapes every later decision about that patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-pabau-supports-structured-headache-assessments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Pabau supports structured headache assessments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A systematic examination is only as useful as the record it leaves behind. When findings are written up differently by each clinician, the pattern that should trigger escalation never surfaces. Consistent templates are what stop that happening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pabau lets a practice build a headache consultation template that prompts every domain in turn. Vital signs, meningism assessment, cranial nerve findings, and the red flag checklist all appear in the same order. You configure it once, and every clinician works from the same version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/features\/medical-records-management\/\">structured client record<\/a> keeps a patient&rsquo;s headache history, previous findings, and referral decisions in one place. A clinician seeing them for the third time does not rebuild the history from scratch. Worsening frequency and emerging neurological features become visible across visits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pabau.com\/cdn\/attachments\/pulse\/content-engine\/blog_post\/headache-physical-exam\/comprehensive-emr-patient-record-management.webp\" alt=\"Comprehensive EMR and patient record management in Pabau\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pabau&rsquo;s client record holds every previous headache examination, so a changing pattern is visible at the next consultation rather than months later.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px;width:800px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pabau Scribe, our AI scribe, captures <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/features\/ai-medical-scribe\/\">consultation notes<\/a> as you work, so your attention stays on the patient. In a headache consultation, where a subtle finding decides the outcome, that attention is the priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.pabau.com\/cdn\/attachments\/pulse\/content-engine\/blog_post\/headache-physical-exam\/ai-powered-patient-letters.webp\" alt=\"AI powered patient letters in Pabau\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pabau&rsquo;s AI-generated patient letters build on the consultation note, so a referral goes out while the examination findings are still fresh.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px;width:800px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n        <div id=\"book_a_demo\">\n            <div class=\"left-side\">\n                <div class=\"logo\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\n                        src=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Logo.svg\"\n                        alt=\"Logo\"\n                        loading=\"lazy\"\n                    \/>\n                <\/div>\n\n                <h3 class=\"heading\">\n                    Make every headache examination follow the same sequence                <\/h3>\n\n                <p class=\"description\">\n                    Pabau&rsquo;s structured templates, digital forms, and AI documentation prompt your team through each examination domain and store the findings. See how practices use Pabau to run safer, better-documented neurological consultations.                <\/p>\n\n                <div class=\"button-group\">\n                    <a href=\"\/book-demo\/\" class=\"btn btn-scale-effect btn-cta-color btn-md\">\n                        <span class=\"btn-text\">Book a demo<\/span>\n                        <div class=\"btn-icon btn-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                            <svg\n                                width=\"14\"\n                                height=\"12\"\n                                viewBox=\"0 0 14 12\"\n                                fill=\"none\"\n                                xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n                            >\n                                <path\n                                    d=\"M0.75 4.77295C0.335786 4.77295 0 5.10874 0 5.52295C0 5.93716 0.335786 6.27295 0.75 6.27295V5.52295V4.77295ZM13.2803 6.05328C13.5732 5.76039 13.5732 5.28551 13.2803 4.99262L8.50736 0.219648C8.21447 -0.073245 7.73959 -0.073245 7.4467 0.219648C7.15381 0.512542 7.15381 0.987415 7.4467 1.28031L11.6893 5.52295L7.4467 9.76559C7.15381 10.0585 7.15381 10.5334 7.4467 10.8263C7.73959 11.1191 8.21447 11.1191 8.50736 10.8263L13.2803 6.05328ZM0.75 5.52295V6.27295L12.75 6.27295V5.52295V4.77295L0.75 4.77295V5.52295Z\"\n                                    fill=\"currentColor\"\n                                ><\/path>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"right-side\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Home-Page-Concept-4.webp\"\n                    alt=\"Pabau clinical documentation dashboard\"\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\n                \/>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Run the same sequence every time: vital signs, head and neck, meningism, then the full neurological examination. A clinician who never varies the order rarely has to wonder what was skipped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trade-off worth remembering is that a thorough examination costs minutes, and a missed subarachnoid hemorrhage costs far more. Build the sequence into the template your team already opens, and that cost disappears into the consultation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practical next step is to open your headache consultation template and check that every domain above appears in it. <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/book-demo\/\">Book a demo<\/a> to see how Pabau prompts every examination domain and keeps the record ready for referral.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div id=\"expert_picks\">\n            <div class=\"header\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Expert-Picks.svg\" alt=\"Continue your research\" height=\"42\" width=\"42\">\n                                <h3>Continue your research<\/h3>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"content\">\n                                                            <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#54B2D3\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p><strong>Need a ready-made cranial nerve workflow?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/cranial-nerve-nursing-assessment\/\">Cranial nerve nursing assessment<\/a> sets out each nerve, the test, and the finding to record.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#54B2D3\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p><strong>Seeing headaches in an urgent care setting?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/emergency-nursing-assessment\/\">Emergency nursing assessment<\/a> covers the rapid triage sequence that runs before a full examination.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#54B2D3\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p><strong>Assessing a headache remotely?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/telemedicine-physical-exam\/\">Telemedicine physical exam<\/a> explains which findings you can gather on video and which need the patient in the room.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#54B2D3\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p><strong>Want vital signs recorded the same way every time?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/templates\/vital-signs-record\/\">Vital signs record<\/a> gives you a single sheet your whole team can fill in.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"item\">\n                            <div>\n                                <svg width=\"20\" height=\"27\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 27\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                                    <path\n                                        d=\"M18.6223 14.3857C19.1246 13.8975 19.1246 13.1045 18.6223 12.6162L12.1938 6.36621C11.6915 5.87793 10.8759 5.87793 10.3737 6.36621C9.87143 6.85449 9.87143 7.64746 10.3737 8.13574L14.6125 12.2529H2.28571C1.57455 12.2529 1 12.8115 1 13.5029C1 14.1943 1.57455 14.7529 2.28571 14.7529H14.6085L10.3777 18.8701C9.87545 19.3584 9.87545 20.1514 10.3777 20.6396C10.8799 21.1279 11.6955 21.1279 12.1978 20.6396L18.6263 14.3896L18.6223 14.3857Z\"\n                                        fill=\"#54B2D3\" \/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                            <\/div>\n                            <p><strong>Looking at other bedside diagnostic triads?<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pabau.com\/blog\/whipple-test\/\">Whipple test<\/a> shows how a three-part clinical rule turns scattered findings into a working diagnosis.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809822\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">What does a headache physical exam involve?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">It covers vital signs, head and neck examination, and a full neurological assessment. Vital signs focus on blood pressure. The head and neck examination includes temporal artery palpation and meningism testing. The neurological assessment covers mental status, cranial nerves, motor and sensory function, cerebellar testing, and gait. The goal is to separate primary headache from secondary causes that need urgent investigation.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809823\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are the red flag signs in a headache examination?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The main ones are papilledema on fundoscopy, positive Kernig or Brudzinski signs, and any new focal neurological deficit. Thunderclap onset within 60 seconds, fever with neck stiffness, and tender temporal arteries over age 50 also count. Any of these needs urgent escalation and neuroimaging before you attribute the headache to a primary cause.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809824\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the SNOOP mnemonic for headache red flags?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">SNOOP stands for systemic illness, neurologic symptoms, sudden onset, onset after age 50, and previous headache change. Systemic illness covers fever, weight loss, and immunosuppression. Neurologic symptoms cover focal deficit and altered consciousness. Sudden onset means thunderclap pain peaking within 60 seconds. Each letter flags a category that raises the probability of a serious secondary cause.<\/p> <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-faq-exam-findings-and-next-steps\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">More questions on findings and next steps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809825\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How is papilledema detected during the exam?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Fundoscopy, also called ophthalmoscopy, lets you view the optic disc directly. Look for blurred disc margins, loss of the physiological cup, elevation of the disc, and engorged retinal veins. Papilledema indicates raised intracranial pressure and mandates urgent neuroimaging before any lumbar puncture.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809826\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">How is cervicogenic headache diagnosed on examination?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Look for restricted cervical range of motion and reproduction of the headache when you palpate the C2-C3 facet joints. The pattern is typically unilateral, radiating from the occipital region to the forehead. Unlike migraine, it lacks autonomic features and is consistently aggravated by sustained neck postures.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1786629809827\"><h3 class=\"schema-faq-question\">When should you refer a headache patient to a neurologist?<\/h3> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Refer when the examination shows a new focal neurological deficit, or when papilledema is present. Refer also when raised ICP cannot be excluded, when the pattern has changed without explanation, or when frequency is escalating despite primary care management. Thunderclap headache, fever with neck stiffness, and altered consciousness need emergency assessment instead.<\/p> <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Papilledema, meningism, and a new focal deficit are all easy findings to spot. They are also easy to skip when a busy consultation runs on instinct instead of a sequence. That is the risk a structured headache physical exam removes. This guide walks through the exam in the order you perform it. It starts with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":180441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":"85","_yoast_wpseo_content_score":"90","_yoast_wpseo_is_cornerstone":"","_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":"[\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\"]","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":"","_seo_original_html":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4266,32,1109,1110],"tags":[1146,2246,4268,3835,1697],"class_list":["post-180007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clinical-guides","category-practice-management-tips","category-primary-preventive-care","category-private-practice-private-gp","tag-clinical-notes","tag-neurology-assessment","tag-patient-records","tag-physical-exam","tag-primary-care"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Headache physical exam: Step-by-step guide and red flags<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A headache physical exam runs vital signs, head and neck, meningism tests, then the neuro exam. 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She enjoys breaking down complex topics into clear, accessible content and has a soft spot for the often-overlooked aspects of clinic life. When she's not writing, she's exploring cafes, walking her dog, or spending time with friends and family.","url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/author\/anja-dodevska\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809822","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809822","name":"What does a headache physical exam involve?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"It covers vital signs, head and neck examination, and a full neurological assessment. Vital signs focus on blood pressure. The head and neck examination includes temporal artery palpation and meningism testing. The neurological assessment covers mental status, cranial nerves, motor and sensory function, cerebellar testing, and gait. The goal is to separate primary headache from secondary causes that need urgent investigation.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809823","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809823","name":"What are the red flag signs in a headache examination?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The main ones are papilledema on fundoscopy, positive Kernig or Brudzinski signs, and any new focal neurological deficit. Thunderclap onset within 60 seconds, fever with neck stiffness, and tender temporal arteries over age 50 also count. Any of these needs urgent escalation and neuroimaging before you attribute the headache to a primary cause.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809824","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809824","name":"What is the SNOOP mnemonic for headache red flags?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"SNOOP stands for systemic illness, neurologic symptoms, sudden onset, onset after age 50, and previous headache change. Systemic illness covers fever, weight loss, and immunosuppression. Neurologic symptoms cover focal deficit and altered consciousness. Sudden onset means thunderclap pain peaking within 60 seconds. Each letter flags a category that raises the probability of a serious secondary cause.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809825","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809825","name":"How is papilledema detected during the exam?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Fundoscopy, also called ophthalmoscopy, lets you view the optic disc directly. Look for blurred disc margins, loss of the physiological cup, elevation of the disc, and engorged retinal veins. Papilledema indicates raised intracranial pressure and mandates urgent neuroimaging before any lumbar puncture.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809826","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809826","name":"How is cervicogenic headache diagnosed on examination?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Look for restricted cervical range of motion and reproduction of the headache when you palpate the C2-C3 facet joints. The pattern is typically unilateral, radiating from the occipital region to the forehead. Unlike migraine, it lacks autonomic features and is consistently aggravated by sustained neck postures.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809827","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/pabau.com\/fr\/blog\/headache-physical-exam\/#faq-question-1786629809827","name":"When should you refer a headache patient to a neurologist?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Refer when the examination shows a new focal neurological deficit, or when papilledema is present. Refer also when raised ICP cannot be excluded, when the pattern has changed without explanation, or when frequency is escalating despite primary care management. Thunderclap headache, fever with neck stiffness, and altered consciousness need emergency assessment instead.","inLanguage":"fr-FR"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"yoast":{"focus_keyword":"headache physical exam","seo_title":"Headache physical exam: Step-by-step guide and red flags","meta_description":"A headache physical exam runs vital signs, head and neck, meningism tests, then the neuro exam. 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